Psychoanalytic Concepts

Vast red sand dunes in the desert under a clear blue sky, evoking a sense of peace and solitude

The Desert and the Ethics of Solitude

At some point, you have to realize you are in the desert—you have to face solitude. There’s no one else around—not because others are physically absent, but because the responsibility for speaking, deciding, and acting cannot be outsourced. No one is born in a void. We learn to speak using words that we received from […]

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Abstract photography of black ink swirling with gold particles against a stark white background, symbolizing the depth of the unconscious mind. This image serves as a visual metaphor for an article addressing common questions about psychoanalysis and providing comprehensive psychoanalysis faqs.

10 Frequently Asked Questions about Psychoanalysis

I am often asked similar questions about psychoanalysis by people who are curious but find the terminology confusing. I have compiled these psychoanalysis FAQs not only to clarify the process but also to challenge the unbearable clichés often repeated by both laypeople and professionals. This is my attempt to go beyond those stereotypes—even if it

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Vintage close-up of a typewriter and handwritten notes, illustrating how psychoanalysis works through language and listening to the unconscious.

How Psychoanalysis Works (and Why It’s Different): Listening to the Letter

In this article, I describe how psychoanalysis works based on my personal interpretation and clinical practice: a Lacanian-inspired approach where language is central. What follows is not a textbook definition of the entire field, but a personal formulation of the analytic work. Listening to the unconscious We often move through life assuming we know exactly

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A 3D illustration of a Möbius strip, a continuous loop with a single surface, symbolizing endless cycles and interconnectedness.

The Möbius Strip of Expectations: When ‘Others’ Demands’ Keep Us Trapped

It is common in therapy to hear people describe a similar loop: on the one hand, they want to feel appreciated and indispensable; on the other, they feel suffocated by constant requests for help, favors, and responsibilities that seem to multiply endlessly. Many tell me: “Everyone needs something from me, and I just can’t take

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A person wearing a knitted sweater with arms crossed over their chest, holding themselves protectively. The image is overlaid with the effect of a cracked mirror, with the largest crack centered on their chest, symbolizing emotional vulnerability and inner conflict. mirror stage

The Mirror Stage: How Ideals and Desires Shape How We Perceive Ourselves (and the Gaze of Others)

Abstract This article explores the complex interplay between ideals, desires, and self-perception, drawing on psychoanalytic concepts such as Freud’s distinction between the “ideal ego” and the “ego ideal” and Lacan’s theory of the mirror stage. These frameworks reveal how our sense of self is shaped by identification with idealized images—mirrors that reflect not only who

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